Additive delivery system with sensors

ABSTRACT

An additive management system is disclosed. The system includes an additive selection system, which selects an additive for dispensing into a working fluid. The system also includes an additive dispensing system having a fluid sensing chamber with sensors. The system also includes an additive delivery system, which delivers the selected additive to the additive dispensing system, and a processor which causes the fluid sensing chamber to receive a sample of the working fluid, receives measurement signals from the one or more fluid parameter sensors corresponding with the values of fluid parameters of the working fluid, and determines values for fluid parameters of the working fluid based on the measurement signals. The processor also causes the additive delivery system to deliver the selected additive to the additive dispensing system and causes the additive dispensing system to dispense the selected additive into the working fluid through the fluid sensing chamber.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/668,021, filed Aug. 3, 2017 and titled “Additive Delivery System WithSensors,” which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No.62/370,417, filed Aug. 3, 2016 and titled “Light Array,” and claims thebenefit of U.S. provisional application No. 62/370,394, filed Aug. 3,2016, and titled “Sensor Wand,” the contents of all of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally pertains to a method and apparatus fordispensing additives into a fluidic material, and more particularly to amethod and apparatus for dispensing and sensing additives into a fluidicmaterial.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There exists many Laboratory, Scientific Research, Industrial, andConsumer Applications with processes that span Chemical, Agricultural,Pharmaceutical, Biological, Water Treatment, Oceanographic, Food,Beverage and Pool Industries that may use a fluidic chemical recipeformulation, delivery of chemical constituents with measurement sensingand feedback control of Chemical parameters such as pH, ElectricalConductivity, Temperature, Turbidity, Dissolved Gas, Redox and otherionic parameters to ensure integrity and safety of product. While manyefforts have attempted to advance the sensing of such parameters thestate of the art has had few significant advances in sensor elementssince the development of the first ionic measurement techniques. Sensorsimmersed into fluidic environments have multiple routes of fouling thatwill make such measurements erroneous regardless of the type of sensingelement used. Such fouling and sensing impairment is realized from suchthings as biofilm growth on sensing elements, precipitating salt buildupon sensing elements, measured solution clinging to sensing element,among others. Erroneous values from contaminated sensors can cause aloss of integrity or quality in the formulated product and realize largemonetary losses from erroneous chemical formulations made from sucherroneous measurements or from significant costs for periodic manualmaintenance of such sensing elements for ensuring quality measurementvalues.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system of one or more computers can be configured to performparticular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware,hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that inoperation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or morecomputer programs can be configured to perform particular operations oractions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by dataprocessing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.

One general aspect includes an additive management system, including: anadditive selection system, configured to select one of a plurality ofadditives for dispensing into a working fluid. The additive managementsystem also includes an additive dispensing system, including a fluidsensing chamber including one or more fluid parameter sensors. Theadditive management system also includes an additive delivery system,configured to deliver the selected additive to the additive dispensingsystem. The additive management system also includes a processorconfigured to cause the fluid sensing chamber to receive a sample of theworking fluid, to receive working fluid measurement signals from the oneor more fluid parameter sensors corresponding with values of fluidparameters of the working fluid, and to determine one or more values forone or more fluid parameters of the working fluid based on the receivedworking fluid measurement signals. The additive management system alsoincludes where the processor is further configured to cause the additivedelivery system to deliver the selected additive to the additivedispensing system and to cause the additive dispensing system todispense the selected additive into the working fluid through the fluidsensing chamber. Other embodiments of this aspect include correspondingcomputer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one ormore computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions ofthe methods.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. Theadditive management system where the processor is configured to cause atleast a portion of the fluid sensing chamber to move with respect to theworking fluid to fluidly connect the fluid sensing chamber with theworking fluid. The additive management system where the processor isconfigured to isolate the fluid sensing chamber from the working fluidby causing at least a portion of the fluid sensing chamber to move withrespect to the working fluid. The additive management system where theprocessor is further configured to determine an additive for dispensinginto the working fluid based on the one or more values for the one ormore fluid parameters of the working fluid. The additive managementsystem where the processor is further configured to cause the additiveselection system to select the determined additive. The additivemanagement system where the processor is configured to cause the fluidsensing chamber to receive the selected additive, to receive additivemeasurement signals from the one or more fluid parameter sensorscorresponding with the values of fluid parameters of the selectedadditive, and to determine one or more values for one or more fluidparameters of the selected additive based on the received additivemeasurement signals. The additive management system further including anextraction tube configured to extract the selected additive from thefluid sensing chamber. The additive management system further includingone or more nozzles configured to clean the fluid parameter sensors witha cleaning fluid. The additive management system further including alevel sensor, where the processor is configured to determine a level ofthe working fluid based on a level signal from the level sensor. Theadditive management system where the fluid parameters include one ormore of pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, turbidity, dissolvedgas, and redox. Implementations of the described techniques may includehardware, a method or process, or computer software on acomputer-accessible medium.

One general aspect includes a method of operating an additive managementsystem, the additive management system including: an additive selectionsystem, configured to select one of a plurality of additives fordispensing into a working fluid, an additive dispensing system,including a fluid sensing chamber including one or more fluid parametersensors, and an additive delivery system, configured to deliver theselected additive to the additive dispensing system. The method includescausing the fluid sensing chamber to receive a sample of the workingfluid. The method also includes determining one or more values for oneor more fluid parameters of the working fluid based on signals from thesensors. The method also includes selecting an additive for dispensinginto the working fluid based on the one or more values for the one ormore fluid parameters of the working fluid. The method also includescausing the additive dispensing system to dispense the selected additiveinto the working fluid through the fluid sensing chamber. Otherembodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems,apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computerstorage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. Themethod may also include causing the fluid sensing chamber to receive theselected additive. The method may also include receiving additivemeasurement signals from the one or more fluid parameter sensorscorresponding with the values of fluid parameters of the selectedadditive. The method may also include determining one or more values forone or more fluid parameters of the selected additive based on thereceived additive measurement signals. The method extracting theselected additive from the fluid sensing chamber. The method furtherincluding spraying a cleaning fluid on the sensors. The method furtherincluding: delivering a calibration fluid to the fluid sensing chamber.The method may also include determining one or more values for one ormore fluid parameters of the calibration fluid based on signals from thesensors. The method further including determining a level of the workingfluid based on a level signal from a level sensor. The method where thefluid parameters include one or more of pH, electrical conductivity,temperature, turbidity, dissolved gas, and redox. The method where themethod is performed periodically. The method further including, causingat least a portion of the fluid sensing chamber to move with respect tothe working fluid to fluidly connect the fluid sensing chamber with theworking fluid. The method further including, causing at least a portionof the fluid sensing chamber to move with respect to the working fluidto fluidly isolate the fluid sensing chamber from the working fluid.Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, amethod or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium.

One general aspect includes a method of operating an additive managementsystem, the additive management system including: an additive selectionsystem, configured to select one of a plurality of additives fordispensing into a working fluid, an additive dispensing system,including a fluid sensing chamber including one or more fluid parametersensors, and an additive delivery system, configured to deliver theselected additive to the additive dispensing system, the methodincluding:. The method also includes attaching a container of additiveto the additive selection system. The method also includes causing thefluid sensing chamber to receive a sample of the additive from thecontainer. The method also includes determining one or more values forone or more fluid parameters of the additive based on signals from thesensors. The method also includes comparing the one or more values withcorresponding values of an expected additive. The method also includesgenerating an indication of whether the additive is correct based on thecomparison. Other embodiments of this aspect include correspondingcomputer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one ormore computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions ofthe methods.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. Themethod where causing the fluid sensing chamber to receive the sample ofthe additive from the container, determining the one or more values,comparing the one or more values with corresponding values of theexpected additive, and generating the indication are automaticallyperformed in response to attaching the container of additive to theadditive selection system. The method where causing the fluid sensingchamber to receive the sample of the additive, determining the one ormore values, comparing the one or more values with corresponding valuesof the expected additive, and generating the indication areautomatically performed in response to an indication from a user. Themethod where the fluid parameters include one or more of pH, electricalconductivity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved gas, and redox.Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, amethod or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is schematic cross-sectional view of a dispensing systemaccording to an embodiment in a first functional position.

FIG. 2 is schematic cross-sectional view of a dispensing systemaccording to an embodiment in a second functional position.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart diagram of a method of using a dispensing system.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing system ofFIGS. 1 and 2 connected to an additive delivery system.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing system ofFIGS. 1 and 2 connected to an alternative additive delivery system.

FIG. 6 is an additive selection system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an additive selection system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an additive selection system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an additive selection system according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Particular embodiments of the invention are illustrated herein inconjunction with the drawings.

Various details are set forth herein as they relate to certainembodiments. However, the invention can also be implemented in wayswhich are different from those described herein. Modifications can bemade to the discussed embodiments by those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited toparticular embodiments disclosed herein.

Various industries use a working reservoir, or piping to hold a workingfluid which performs one or more functions related to the use of theworking fluid. For example, a working fluid in a biological applicationmay provide nutrients to cells in an environment fluidly connected witha working reservoir. In an agricultural application, a working reservoirmay hold a hydroponic working fluid used to provide nutrients to one ormore plants. In water treatment applications, the working fluid may bedrinking water. Numerous other applications use working fluids held inworking reservoirs.

Various solutions have been developed for in-place cleaning andcalibrating of sensors for various applications, but none address theneed for chemical recipe formulation dosing into the working fluid as anintegrated in place self-cleaning and calibrating multi-sensingdispensing unit. There is a benefit to delivering the additives into theworking fluid using the same chamber as that used for sensing theworking fluid prior to the delivery. There is also a benefit to in-placecleaning, calibration, and sterilization of sensors elements in thesensing chamber in a single system. There is also a significant benefitfor chemical formulation in a pre-delivery reservoir where sensing offormulated constituents can occur prior to delivery so that formulationintegrity can be confirmed and where the sensing, formulation, anddelivery system has the ability to be easily upgraded to includesterilization and additional sensing or actuating elements such as acamera and fluidic level sensing element for viewing and determiningdepth of the working fluid in the working reservoir.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views of a dispensing system100 according to an embodiment.

Dispensing system 100, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, includes housing110 and sensing head 120 which is movable with respect to housing 110.As discussed in further detail below, sensing head 120 is configured tomove within housing 110.

Sensing head 120 includes sensing head top 122, sensing head bottom 124,and sensing head connector 126, which mechanically connects sensing headbottom 124 and sensing head top 122. Sensing head connector 126 alsoforms a fluid connection port between sensing head bottom 124 andsensing at top 122. The gap between sensing head top 122 and sensinghead bottom 124 partially defines a fluid sensing chamber 180. Varioussensors may, for example, be connected to sensing head top 122 so as tobe configured to sense fluids in the fluid sensing chamber 180. In someembodiments, sensors may alternatively or additionally be connected tosensing head bottom 124.

In some embodiments, one or more sensors are partially connected tosensing head top 122 and are partially connected to sensing head bottom124. For example, a turbidity sensor may include an LED and aphototransistor, where the LED is connected to sensing head bottom 124and the phototransistor is connected to sensing head top 122.

Dispensing system 100 also includes delivery/extract tube 150 andvent/bulk solution dispense tube 170.

Delivery/extract tube 150 is configured to be used for delivery andextraction of fluids to fluid sensing chamber 180. As illustrated,delivery/extract tube 150 extends through sensing head top 122 to aposition near sensing head bottom 124.

Vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170 may be used as a vent duringdelivery and extraction of fluids to fluid sensing chamber 180.Vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170 may additionally be used to deliverfluids to fluid sensing chamber 180, as discussed in further detailbelow.

Using delivery/extract tube 150 a fluid may be delivered to fluidsensing chamber 180 by pumping the fluid through delivery/extract tube150 from an additive delivery system, for example, such as thatdiscussed below. While using delivery/extract tube 150 to deliver thefluid to fluid sensing chamber 180, vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170may provide a venting path to allow the fluid to be delivered to fluidsensing chamber 180.

Alternatively, to deliver a fluid to fluid sensing chamber 180, anegative pressure may be induced in fluid sensing chamber 180 usingvent/bulk solution dispense tube 170. In response of the negativepressure the delivered fluid may flow through delivery/extract tube 152to fluid sensing chamber 180.

Using delivery/extract tube 150 a fluid may be extracted from fluidsensing chamber 180 by pumping the fluid through delivery/extract tube150 to the additive delivery system, for example, such as that discussedbelow. While using delivery/extract tube 150 to extract the fluid fromfluid sensing chamber 180, vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170 mayprovide a venting path to allow the fluid to be extracted from fluidsensing chamber 180.

Alternatively, to extract a fluid from fluid sensing chamber 180, apositive pressure may be induced in fluid sensing chamber 180 usingvent/bulk solution dispense tube 170. In response of the positivepressure the fluid may flow from fluid sensing chamber 180 throughdelivery/extract tube 152.

Sensors connected to sensing head top 122 may be used to sense variouscharacteristics of the fluid delivered to fluid sensing chamber 180. Forexample, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Temperature, Turbidity, DissolvedGas, Redox and other ionic parameters may be sensed, for example, todetermine identity, concentration, or other parameters. The sensors mayhave any of ionic, thermometric, conductive, inductive, and capacitivesensing technology.

Sensing head bottom 124 includes spray fluid port 130, discussed infurther detail below. Spray fluid port 130 is connected to spray tube160, which is configured to deliver a spraying fluid to spray fluid port130. Spray fluid port 130 is configured to deliver the spraying fluid tonozzles integrated with or connected to sensing head bottom 124. Thenozzles are configured to spray the spraying fluid within fluid sensingchamber 180. The spraying fluid may, for example, be used to clean fluidsensing chamber 180 and/or the sensors connected to sensing head top122.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, sensing head 120 is positioned such that fluidsensing chamber 180 is closed and is defined substantially by sensinghead top 122, sensing head bottom 124, sensing head connector 126,housing 110, and sealing and guiding structure 140.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, sensing head 120 is positioned such that fluidsensing chamber 180 is open end is exposed to the environment outside ofhousing 110. To selectively position sensing head 120, sensing head 120may be connected to an electronic actuator (not shown). The electronicactuator may include a motor and may be configured to receive powerand/or signals which cause the motor to selectively position sensinghead 120 according to the power and/or signals, for example, in eitherof the positions illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

In some embodiments, one or more accessories may be attached to orincorporated into sensing head 120.

For example, a level sensor may be attached to or incorporated intosensing head bottom 124. The level sensor may have a cavity and apressure sensor configured to sensed pressure of the cavity. The cavitymay have a port to finding a path between the cavity and an externalenvironment. When the sensing head bottom 124 is submerged, for example,in a working fluid, the cavity may form a bell, such that the pressurewithin the cavity corresponds with a depth of the sensing head bottom124. The pressure sensor of the level sensor and provide a signal to aprocessor, which uses the signal to calculate a level or depth of theworking fluid.

Additionally or alternatively, a camera may be attached to orincorporated into sensing head 120. The camera may be used to takepictures or video of the sensing head, for example, while in use. Thecamera may also be used to take pictures or video of a fluid in fluidsensing chamber 180 or in the working fluid.

Additionally or alternatively, a mechanical brush may be attached to orincorporated into sensing head 120. The mechanical brush may be used toclean one or more portions of dispensing system 100. For example, themechanical brush may be driven by a motor in communication with aprocessor, and may be used to clean one or more sensors and or othersurfaces defining fluid sensing chamber 180.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart diagram of a method 300 of using a dispensingsystem, such as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, andelsewhere herein.

At 310, the sensors on sensing head top 122 are cleaned. For example, acleaning fluid may be pumped through spray tube 160, through spray fluidport 130, and through the nozzles in sensing head bottom 124. As aresult, the sensors on sensing head top 122 are sprayed with thecleaning fluid by the nozzles in sensing head bottom 124.

Cleaning the sensors on sensing top 122 may additionally includeremoving the cleaning fluid from fluid sensing chamber 180 withdelivery/extract tube 150, for example, by using a pump connected withdelivery/extract tube 150 and/or by applying a positive pressure tofluid sensing chamber 180 with vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170.

In some embodiments, one or more additional cleaning fluids may besprayed on the sensors. In addition, the one or more additional cleaningfluids may be removed from the fluid sensing chamber.

Cleaning the sensors on sensing top 122 may additionally include rinsingthe sensors and/or the fluid sensing chamber 180 with the rinsing fluid,such as water. For example, a rinsing fluid may be pumped through spraytube 160, through spray fluid port 130, and through the nozzles insensing head bottom 124. As a result, the sensors on sensing head top122 are sprayed with the rinsing fluid by the nozzles in sensing headbottom 124.

The sensors and/or the fluid sensing chamber 180 may be rinsed beforeand/or after any or all of the cleaning fluid applications.

Cleaning the sensors on sensing top 122 may additionally include dryingthe sensors and/or the fluid sensing chamber 180 with a drying fluid,such as air. For example, a drying fluid may be pumped through spraytube 160, through spray fluid port 130, and through the nozzles insensing head bottom 124. As a result, the sensors on sensing head top122 are exposed to the drying fluid from the nozzles in sensing headbottom 124. Alternatively or additionally, the drying fluid may bedelivered to fluid sensing chamber 180 using either or both ofdelivery/extract tube 150 and vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170.

In some embodiments of method 300, the sensors on sensing head top 122are not cleaned, and 310 is skipped.

At 320, the sensors on sensing top 122 are calibrated. Calibrating thesensors may include delivering a calibration fluid to the sensors. Forexample, a calibration fluid may be pumped through spray tube 160,through spray fluid port 130, and through the nozzles in sensing headbottom 124. As a result, the sensors on sensing head top 122 are sprayedwith the calibration fluid by the nozzles in sensing head bottom 124.Alternatively or additionally, a calibration fluid may be delivered tofluid sensing chamber 180 using either or both of delivery/extract tube150 and vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170.

Calibrating the sensors may also include using the sensors to measure avalue for a characteristic of the calibration fluid. Because an actualvalue of the measured characteristic of the calibration fluid is known,the difference between the actual value of the measured characteristicand the measured value of the measured characteristic may be determined.The difference between the actual value and the measured value of themeasured characteristic may be used to adjust or correct measured valuesof the characteristic for fluids for which the actual value is notknown, as is understood by those of skill in the art.

In some embodiments, the difference between the actual value and themeasured value of the measured characteristic may be stored in a memory,and may be compared with differences between actual and measured valuesas previously measured Changes over time in the difference greater ththreshold an a may be used as an indication that a sensor should bereplaced.

In some embodiments, calibrating the sensors may also include cleaningthe sensors and/or fluid sensing chamber 180, for example, using amethod having aspects described above.

In some embodiments of method 300, the sensors on sensing head top 122are not calibrated, and 320 is skipped.

At 330, characteristics of a working fluid in a working reservoir may besensed using the sensors in sensing head top 122. For example, thesensing head 120 may be positioned as illustrated in FIG. 2, such thatthe sensors in sensing head top 122 are exposed to the working fluid.Alternatively, a sample of the working fluid may be provided to fluidsensing chamber 180 with the sensing head 120 positioned in either ofthe positions illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Once exposed to the workingfluid, the sensors in sensing head top 122 may be used to measure one ormore values for one or more characteristics of the working fluid. Asdiscussed above, the measured values may be adjusted based on theresults of the sensor calibration to determine one or more values forthe one or more characteristics of the working fluid.

At 340, one or more additives may be selected based on the determinedone or more values for the one or more characteristics of the workingfluid. In addition, concentrations or amounts for the one or moreadditives may be determined based on the determined one or more valuesfor the one or more characteristics of the working fluid.

At 350, the selected one or more additives are dispensed into theworking fluid.

In some embodiments, the selected one of more additives are dispensedinto the working fluid while the sensing head 120 is positioned as shownin FIG. 2 by using any one or more of the delivery/extract tube 150, thevent/bulk solution dispense tube 170, and the spray tube 160.

Alternatively, the selected one of more additives may be dispensed intothe fluid sensing chamber 180 while the sensing head 120 is positionedas shown in FIG. 1 by using any one or more of the delivery/extract tube150, the vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170, and the spray tube 160.In some embodiments, the sensors may be used to verify that theadditives are correct. The selected one of more additives may bedispensed into the working fluid by repositioning the sensing head 120to the position shown in FIG. 2.

In some embodiments, the method 300 is performed periodically. Forexample, in some embodiments, the method 300 is performed every 30seconds, minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 3 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours,12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 2 weeks, 3 weeks,month, or another time.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing system ofFIGS. 1 and 2 connected to an additive delivery system 400.

Additive delivery system 400 is configured to control fluid flow to andfrom dispensing system 100. For example, additive delivery system 400may be configured to cause dispensing system 100 to perform thefunctions discussed above with reference to FIG. 3 in response tocontrol signals from processor 550.

Additive delivery system 400 includes additive selection system 410,rotary valve RV1, bulk dosing solution tank 420, Venturi mixer 430, pump440, and valves V1-V7.

Additive selection system 410 is configured to dispense variousadditives through rotary valve RV1 according to the on/off state ofvalve V1, as determined by processor 450. Which of the various additivesis dispensed may be selected based on the position or state of rotaryvalve RV1, as determined by processor 450. The selected additive isdirected to either the bulk dosing solution tank 420 or pump 440,according to the state of valve V2, as determined by processor 450.

Pump 440 generates pressures which cause the selected additive directedthereto to flow into dispensing system 100 through eitherdelivery/extract tube 150 or the spray tube 160, according to the statesof valves V3 and V4, as determined by processor 450. Pump 440 may beuni-directional or may by bi-directional. In some embodiments, pump 440is peristaltic.

The selected additive directed to the bulk dosing solution tank 420 mayflow into dispensing system 100 through Venturi mixer 430, valve V5, andvent/bulk solution dispense tube 170, according to the states of valvesV5, V6, and V7. A fluid, such as water, may be pumped through Venturimixer 430, receive the selected additive from the bulk dosing solutiontank 420, and carry the selected additive into dispensing system 100through vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170. Alternatively, the fluidmay bypass Venturi mixer 430 if valve V7 is opened by processor 450.Vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170 functions to vent dispensing system100 is valves V5 and V6 provide a fluid path to vent opening 405.

In some embodiments, the bulk dosing solution tank 420, Venturi mixer430, and valves V5, V6, and V7 are omitted. In such embodiments,vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170 may be open ended as a vent fordispensing system 100.

Processor 450 is configured to receive signals from the sensors on thesensing head top of dispensing system 100; from one or more sensors ofany of the actuator of dispensing system 100, the additive deliverysystem 400, and the components of additive delivery system 400; and fromuser interface 460, for example, generated in response to actions by auser. In response to the received signals, processor 450 is configuredto determine desired states of the components of additive deliverysystem 400 and generates the control signals for the components ofadditive delivery system 400 causing the components to be in the desiredstates.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing system ofFIGS. 1 and 2 connected to an alternative additive delivery system 500.

Additive delivery system 500 is configured to control fluid flow to andfrom dispensing system 100. For example, additive delivery system 500may be configured to cause dispensing system 100 to perform thefunctions discussed above with reference to FIG. 3 in response tocontrol signals from processor 550.

Additive delivery system 500 includes additive selection system 510,pre-delivery reservoir 520, pre-delivery reservoir valve PDRV1, watervalve WV1, vent valve VentV1, and valves V51-V54.

Additive selection system 510 is configured to dispense variousadditives to pre-delivery reservoir 520. Which of the various additivesis or are dispensed may be selected the additive selection system 510,as determined by processor 550.

In pre-delivery reservoir 520, one or more additives may be mixedtogether and/or may be mixed with water from water valve WV1 having astate determined by processor 550.

According to the states of pre-delivery reservoir valve PDRV1, ventvalve VentV1, and valves V51-V54, as determined by processor 550, airfrom pre-delivery reservoir valve PDRV1 may be forced into dispensingsystem 100 through any one or more of delivery/extract tube 150, thespray tube 160, and vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170, and may bevented through any other one or more of delivery/extract tube 150 or thespray tube 160, and vent/bulk solution dispense tube 170.

The selected additive directed to the pre-delivery reservoir 520 and orwater from water valve WV1 may flow into dispensing system 100 throughvalve V52, and through either or both of delivery/extract tube 150 andthe spray tube 160, according to the states of valves V52, V53, and V54,as determined by processor 550. In some embodiments, the selectedadditive directed to the pre-delivery reservoir 520 and or water fromwater valve WV1 may flow into dispensing system 100 is influenced bygravity. Alternatively, the selected additive directed to thepre-delivery reservoir 520 and or water from water valve WV1 may becaused to flow into dispensing system 100 by the air pressure frompre-delivery reservoir valve PDRV1.

As determined by processor 550, the state of vent valve VentV1 iscontrolled so that air may vent from the pre-delivery reservoir 520 tovent opening 505.

Processor 550 is configured to receive signals from the sensors on thesensing head top of dispensing system 100; from one or more sensors ofany of the actuator of dispensing system 100, the additive deliverysystem 500, and the components of additive delivery system 500; and fromuser interface 560, for example, generated in response to actions by auser. In response to the received signals, processor 550 is configuredto determine desired states of the components of additive deliverysystem 500 and generates the control signals for the components ofadditive delivery system 500 causing the components to be in the desiredstates.

FIG. 6 is an additive selection system 600 according to an embodiment.

Additive selection system 600 may be used, for example, in any of theadditive delivery systems discussed herein.

Additive selection system 600 includes N additive segments, where eachadditive segment includes an additive container 610, valves V61 and V62,and a Venturi mixer 620.

As determined by a processor, the state of valve V61 of each particularadditive segment determines whether water flows through the particularadditive segment. As determined by the processor, the state of valve V62of each of the additive segments determines whether water flowingtherethrough is dosed with the additive of the additive container 610.

FIG. 7 is an additive selection system 700 according to an embodiment.Additive selection system 700 may be used, for example, in any of theadditive delivery systems discussed herein.

Additive selection system 700 includes N additive segments, where eachadditive segment includes an additive container 710, a check valve V73,and a valve V75. Additive selection system 700 also includes valves V71and V72.

As determined by a processor, the state of valve V71 determines whetherpressurized air presses against the additive containers 710, which arecompliant. As determined by a processor, the state of valve V75 of eachparticular additive segment determines whether the additive in theadditive container 710 flows through the particular additive segment.

As determined by the processor, the state of valve V72 and the state ofvalve V75 of each particular additive segment determines whetherpressurized air passes to the output of the particular additive segment.When pressurized air passes through the output of a particular additivesegment, any remaining additive is purged. The check valve V73 of eachparticular segment prevents the pressurized air from going into theadditive container 710 of the particular segment.

FIG. 8 is an additive selection system 800 according to an embodiment.Additive selection system 800 may be used, for example, in any of theadditive delivery systems discussed herein.

Additive selection system 800 includes N additive segments, where eachadditive segment includes an additive container 810, and valves V82 andV83. Additive selection system 800 also includes valve V81.

As determined by a processor, the state of valve V81 determines whetherpressurized air presses against the compliant additive containers 810.As determined by a processor, the state of valve V83 of each particularadditive segment determines whether the additive in the additivecontainer 810 flows through the particular additive segment.

As determined by the processor, the state of valves V82 and V83 of eachparticular additive segment determines whether pressurized air passes tothe output of the particular additive segment. When pressurized airpasses through the output of a particular additive segment, anyremaining additive is purged.

FIG. 9 is an additive selection system 900 according to an embodiment.Additive selection system 900 may be used, for example, in any of theadditive delivery systems discussed herein.

Additive selection system 900 includes N additive segments, where eachadditive segment includes an additive container 910 and a pump P91.

As determined by a processor, the on/off state of pump P91 of eachparticular segment determines whether the additive of the additivecontainer of the particular segment flows through the pump P91. Pump P91may be uni-directional or may by bi-directional. In some embodiments,pump P91 is peristaltic.

In some embodiments, as part of a process to connect a new additivecontainer to an additive selection system of an additive deliverysystem, the additive of the new additive container may be tested toverify that the proper additive container has been connected.

For example, a sensor in the additive selection system may indicate to aprocessor that the new additive container has been connected. Inresponse to the indication, the processor may cause the additivedelivery system to deliver a sample of the additive to a dispensingsystem, where sensors are used to measure one or more characteristics ofthe sample, for example using a method similar or identical to thosediscussed above with reference to FIG. 3. If the measuredcharacteristics of the sample are less than a threshold different fromexpected values the new additive is recognized as being correct. In someembodiments, the processor is configured to generate an audible orvisual signal indicating whether the new additive is correct, forexample by emitting a sound or illuminating and LED. Alternatively, theadditive of the new additive container may be tested to verify that theproper additive container has been connected in response to anindication from a user, for example, using a user interface.

Though the present invention is disclosed by way of specific embodimentsas described above, those embodiments are not intended to limit thepresent invention. Based on the methods and the technical aspectsdisclosed above, variations and changes may be made to the presentedembodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from thespirit and the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An additive management system, comprising: anadditive selection system, configured to select one of a plurality ofadditives for dispensing into a working fluid; an additive dispensingsystem, comprising a fluid sensing chamber comprising one or more fluidparameter sensors; an additive delivery system, configured to deliverthe selected additive to the additive dispensing system; and a processorconfigured to cause the fluid sensing chamber to receive a sample of theworking fluid, to receive working fluid measurement signals from the oneor more fluid parameter sensors corresponding with values of fluidparameters of the working fluid, and to determine one or more values forone or more fluid parameters of the working fluid based on the receivedworking fluid measurement signals, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to cause the additive delivery system to deliver the selectedadditive to the additive dispensing system and to cause the additivedispensing system to dispense the selected additive into the workingfluid through the fluid sensing chamber.